Heat treated oiled filament



Patented Apr. 23, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1,999,134 HEAT TREATED OILED FILAMENT Vernon R. Pallas, Cortland, N. Y.

No Drawing. Application November 8, 1932,

Serial No. 641,739

10 Claims. (CI. 91-70) This invention relates to an improved heat I purposely carry out all of my successive oxitreating process for producing a tenacious and dation steps at a comparatively high temperrelatively pliant filler medium consisting of soature, having found as the result of extensive relidifled drying oil or successively applying a series search work, that such elevated heat treatment of such coatings to fibriform substances such as greatly expedites the so-called drying process 5 threads, strands or braided cords, also textile and makes for a tougher solidfied coating that products of silk, cotton, linen, paper or other may be properly oxidized throughout the body materials of this kind likely to suffer serious thereof without resort to chemical drying agents deterioration when subjected for a prolonged or other accelerators. I have further found that period to temperatures in excess of 200 C., and silk and the like line strands were not vitally 10' which process is particularly adapted .for the impaired in tensile strength when subjected to treatment of fish lines and-fabrics. The presthe prescribed temperature range of from 100 ent method is preferably carried out at a con- C. up to 200 C. for a limited total time period. trolled elevated temperature in order to speed From a commercial standpoint, it is advisable up production but only for a definitely restrictto hasten said drying process but if carried on at 15 ed total period of time which is herein deliberan' excessive rate, this objective may lead to ately terminated prior to permitting the tensile serious deterioration on part of the heat treated strength of the fibriform substance to become strand material. The use of a relatively low inordinately weakened because of such intensiprocessing temperature, i. e., below 100 (3., has

fled heat application. proven too slow and expensive to satisfymodern 20 My filler medium is purposely kept reasonably productive needs. As deduced from certain free from chemical driers, pigments, gums or laboratory tests conducted upon dry or unimother detrimental adulterants likely to produce pregnated pure silk fish lines, the strand 'mateadditional injurious effects upon the solidified rial thereof when subjected to an oven temperadrying oil. By virtue of a supplemental seasonture ranging between 125 C. to 130 C. for an 25 ing bake, the resulting solidified coating is made initial period of about sixteen hours, suffered no to withstand aging without significant hardenappreciable drop in tensile strength while being ing or checking, and which step further improves heat treated. -Subsequent to such substantially its kink resisting qualities. unimpaired dwell period, the loss in material The'primary object of my invention is to perstrength gradually dropped in a proportionate iect a method of the character indicated capable relationship with the prolonged time of heat apof rapidly and uniformly processing fibrous subplication, showing a deficiency of about 10% in stances with one or more successively baked a total time run of 40 hours.

coatings without serious injury to the heat treat- Similar tests made at 150 C. to 155 C. revealed 33 ed fibrous material, also to overcome certain little or no strength impairment during the first 35- other intrinsic difliculties heretofore encountered hour dwell period but a more pronounced weakin fabricating superior fish lines, textiles or the ening thereafter; the tensile strength originally like "oil coated goods on a quick drying producpossessed by the strand material at the beginning tive scale. of its heat treatment dropped more or less regu- 4 -The present method is further directed to larly with time and fell to about 35% of such 40 certain'j'process steps adapted to impart a pliant original value in some 40 hours of heat applicasolidified'impregnation or coating to cords, i'abtion.

. 'rics, or the like, and which steps are performed A plot of thetest findings pertaining to virgin at a controlled processing temperature ranging silk fish line strands, further makesmanifest that between C. and 200 0'. Several oil coatings an oven temperature of from about C. to 45- maybe superimposed upon an impregnated fi- C. still allows a total of six to eight hours in brous substance and each of the respective coatwhich to successively oxidize and dry applied coatings subjected to a separate baking period sufings thereon without inordinate fibre deterioraficient to solidify the drying oil throughout the" tion anda corresponding loss inmaterial strength.

50 body thereof. 'The aim of the present inven- 0n the basis of these same experimental data, the 50 tion lies in utilizing the maximum safe producoven temperature may safely be increased in an tion rate to which such repeated oxidation may inversely proportionate relation to the aggregate be forced and still preserve the tensile strength time of such prolonged heat treatment; where a of the fibrous filament while exposed to intensive total of but one or two such coatings are to be 55 heat treatment. applied to a silk strand, my oven temperature 55 may be raised to about 160 provide for an allowable baking period of about to 170 C. and still one hour in which to force a correspondingly rapid oxidation of an impregnated strand. When a silk strand is subjected to a processing temperature beyond 200 0., there occurs an immediate and still more decided weakening which provides for substantially no dwell period during which its initial tensile strength is properly upheld.

These comparative test results make apparent that for any given tolerance in strength deterioration, the allowable total time in which to conduct my heat treating process when applied to oil coated filaments, must likewise be shortened in accordance with the particular temperature to which the heat treated strand material is actually subjected. The required successive bakes are preferably so controlled that the aggregate time of heat treatment is appropriately terminated without unduly exceeding the corresponding dwell period to an extent that will allowthe tensile strength of the strand material to become seriously impaired.

Other materials reach a similar critical reference point upon which to base a suitable raised or lowered baking temperature and a corresponding total baking time. In the case of coating and baking fibrous materials such as cotton, linen, viscose rayon and the like, the prescribed bake pe riod affords ample margin against an inordinate impairment of tensile strength. The maximum allowable baking period is dependent in part upon the characteristic material behavior and the aggregate time to which a given strand may safely be subjected to high drying temperature. All fibrous substances of the kind herein contemplated, undergo a relatively rapid rate of deterioration under prolonged heat treatment when held in excess of 200 C.

' Referring now to the preferred procedure, an exemplification of my applied process will be directed to the impregnation and heat treating of a fish line or the like product. The usual braided line strand thereof primarily consists of silk material which may initially be kept white or undyed. Such virgin line strand may be impregnated with a filler dope composed in any constituent proportions of suitable raw or treated drying oil such as linseed oil or China wood (tung nut) oil, or the equivalent vegetable or animal drying oils, preferably without the presence of lead, manganese, or the like chemical driers, also reasonably free from pigments or other injurious contaminations likely to weaken the fibrous strand material or injure the quality of its baked coating.

After such impregnation, the line strand is transferred to a drying oven containing an oxidizing atmosphere and the strand material is preferably held at a relatively elevated temperature of around C. to C. Under this degree of heat one and one-half hours usually sufiice to harden and substantially dry out a fully impregnated fish line strand when using a mixture of equal parts by volume of raw China wood oil and refined linseed oil that is kept free from chemical driers.

Thereupon, the line may be repeatedly returned to said bath for a like treatment but being more adequately surfaced, each subsequent oil coating normally requires only to of the above stipulated drying time, the processing of the respective additional coatings being otherwise identical in-method to that given to the initial strand impregnation. Any number of such coatings or layer courses may be successively applied within the stipulated total baking time until a homogeneous body of solidified drying oil has been built up around the heat treated line strand, which in the case of fine trout fishing lines, may required 8 to 12 consecutive coatings and a corresponding number of bakes. As will be understood, such alternate dipping and drying steps may be facilitated by the use of conventional oven conveyor appliances, and also that surface finishing machinery is commonly used to individually hone up the respective line coatings after being dried.

The specified drying temperature range of 100 C. to 200 C. is herein relied upon to accelerate the oxidizing process without requiring chemical driers or the like accelerator agencies. Such adulterants have been found to produce stiffening and other injurious effects upon the finished product. When used in excess, driers of this kind are generally sluggish in wholly completing the oxidation process and their lingering chemical action apparently persists for a long period after the coatings have been baked, thereby causing the aged coating to become brittle with time. For a similar reason, it is preferred not to introduce rosin, gum or pigment into my dope bath prior to subjecting the coatings to high oven temperature. It is further preferred to introduce any needed line coloring matter into the solidified oil coating as an ultimate step, that is to say, after all coating operations thereon have been completed.

A further goal is to provide for a durable but pliant solidified coating that shall be suitable as applied to fish line or fabric goods that are expected to be sharply flexed in normal use. A difiiculty heretofore met with in successfully providing for such purposes, lies in obliterating the dominating yellow color common to most drying oils without mixing a pigment in the filler dope bath. Unless fortified by the hereinafter prescribed seasoning step, the translucent oil coating is likely to develop a conspicuous localized opaqueness or pronounced change in refractive index when subjected to a sharp kinking test. My process is intended to mitigate or substantially overcome such spotty surface defect by maintaining a more nearly uniform translucency throughout the line length. The cited imperfection is a matter of particular importance as regards the appearance of fine trout fishing lines, since they are normally subjected to hard usage while being cast and likely to become inadvertently kinked.

To this end, I preferably start out with a braided silk strand, and apply thereto successive coatings that are baked in the manner previously specified. As a supplementary step, my oil coated line or fabric may be subjected to a prolonged final bake of from one to three hours at comparatively high temperature preferably ranging between 140 C. to C., which seasoning period serves to more thoroughly complete oxidation without inordinately weakening 'the fibrous strand, hence additionally toughens and otherwise improves my pliant strand coatings in withstanding a kinking strain.

The foregoing is descriptive'of a method that has been found wholly satisfactory in practice as applied to the commercial manufacture of fishing line and analagous fibrous products. A fish line made in accordance with my process not only handles well and remains soft and pliable,

but to a marked degree solves the cited kinking problem. This objective is preferably secured by working with a strand filler medium kept substantially pure throughout the processing steps and allowing no impurities to be introduced which under intensive heat treatment, may tend to set up secondary or other detrimental chemical reactions. Said process is also admirably suited for the treatment of cloth or other woven goods of suitable texture which may similarly be impregnated and baked to make up table covers, window shades, raincoats, umbrella covers and the like moderately waterprooied sheet materials.

I claim as my invention:

1. The process of treating a fish line and which process comprises coating the one strand with a drying oil substantially free from a chemical drier and baking at a controlled temperature ranging between one hundred degrees centigrade and two hundred degrees centigrade for a limited length of time to solidify the drying oil without substantially impairing the tensile strength originally possessed by the line strand prior to such limited baking period. v

2. The process for fabricating a fish line-and which process consists in providing for a line strand of material whose tensile strength deteriorates when said strand is subjected to prolonged baking; impregnating said strand with drying oil substantially free from a chemical drier; then baking the impregnated strand in an oxidizing atmosphere; thereupon, applying a coating of drying oil thereon and further baking to solidify the strand coating at a controlled temperature not less than one hundred degrees centigrade and not higher than two hundred degrees centigrade, the aggregate baking time being terminated in accordance with the baking temperature to which the strand is actually subjected, whereby to preserve the tensile strength of the strand material against inordinate deterioratoin during such successive baking periods.

3. The process for intensively heat treating a fish line and which process consists in providing for a line strand of material whose tensile strength deteriorates when subjected to prolonged baking; impregnating said strand with drying oil; introducing the impregnated strand for a certain period of time into an oxidizing atmosphere to solidify the dry' ng oil at a controlled baking temperature in excess of one hundred degrees centigrade but not higher than two hundred degrees centigrade; and thereupon coating the aforesaid strand with drying oil and further baking the strand material to solidify said coating, the total time of all such baking of the strand material inclusive of said certain period being restricted in accordance with the baking temperature actually employed and which total time is terminated prior to allowing the tensile strength of the strand material to become substantially impaired while being subjected to such successive heat treatment.

4. The heat treating process which consists in providing for a strand primarily comprised of silk material that is impregnated with drying oil; introducng the impregnated strand for a certain period of time into an oxidizing atmosphere to initially solidify the drying oil at a controlled baking temperature in excess of one hundred and twenty degrees centigrade but not in excess of one hundred and eighty degrees centigrade; and thereupon coating said strand with drying oil and further baking the strand material to solidify said coating, the total time allowed for all such baking of the strand material inclusive of said certain period, being terminated in accordance with the baking temperature actually employed and the tensile strength of the' strand material bc'ing'thcreby preserved against inordinate deterioration while being subjected to the, aforesaid baking temperature.

5. The heat treating process which consists in providing for a strand primarily comprised of silk material that is impregnated with drying oil; baking the impregnated strand in an oxidizing atmosphere; then applying a coating of drying oil thereon and further baking to solidify the strand coating at a controlled temperature held at more than one hundred and twenty degrees centigrade but not in excess of one hundred and eighty degrees centigrade, the aggregate time of all such baking of the strand material being terminated in accordance with the baking temperature actually employed, whereby to preserve the tensile strength of the strand material against inordinate deterioration while being subjected to such successive bakes.

6. The process for improving the kinkproof quality of a fish line and which process consists in providing for a line strand of material whose tensile strength deteriorates when subjected to prolonged baking; coating the strand with semitransparent drying oil and baking said coated strand in an oxidizing atmosphere for a length of time sufiicient to solidify the drying oil; and whereupon the solidified coating is kinkproofed by a seasoning step comprising an additional baking at a temperature held to not less than one hundred degrees centigrade nor in excess of two hundred degrees centigrade to render said line capable of withstanding localized kinking strain and of maintaining substantial uniform transparency when subjected to such strain, the aggregate baking time being controlled and terminated in accordance with the baking temperature to which said strand is actually exposed, whereby to complete all of such baking time without inordinate deterioration in tensile strength while the material is being subjected to such successive bakes.

*7. A fish line comprising a strand of fibrous material coated with a semitransparent drying oil and which coating has by heat treatment, been converted into a solidified pliant body characterized by its ability to maintain substantial uniform transparency when the coated strand is subjected to a localized kinking strain, said heat treating including a seasoning step baking the solidified drying oil at a temperature ranging between one hundred degrees centigrade and one hundred and eighty degrees centigrade without substantially impairing the tensile strength of the strandmaterial.

8. The process of heat treating a fish line and which process comprises coating the line strand with a drying oil and baking at a controlled temperature ranging between one hundred degrees centigrade and two hundred degrees centigrade for a limited period of time that is terminated in accordance with the baking temperature to which the strand is actually subjected, the tensile strength of the strand material being thereby preserved against inordinate deterioration while exposed to the aforesaid baking temperature.

9. The kinkproofing process which comprises coating a strand of fibrous material with translucent drying oil; then baking said coated strand in an oxidizing a and which baking includes a seasoning period held at a temperature ranging between one hundred degrees centigrade and two hundred degrees centigrade with.- out allowing the tensile strength at the strand material to become unduly unpaired during such seasoning period, said seasoning serving to convert the drying oil into a pliant body that maintains substantial uniform translucency when subjected to a localized kinking strain.

10.'The process for heat treating a fish line strand or the like fibriform substance, and which process consists in providing for 'a-strand of material whose tensile strength deteriorates when subjected to prolonged baking; applying a series: of drying oil coatings upon said strand and bale-.1

ing the respective'strand coatings in an oxidizing atmosphere at'a controlled processing tem-' perature not less than one hundred degrees centigrade and not'higher than two hundred degrees centigrade, the aggregate baking time being terminated in accordance with the actual processing temperature employed and thereby preserve the tensilestrength of the strand material against undue deterioration while exposed to such processing temperature during the aforesaid aggregate time period.

VERNON R. PALLAS.

CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,999,134. I April 23, 1935.

VERNON R. PALLAS. Q

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, second column, line 7,- for "required" read require; page 3, first column, line 16, claim 1, for

: '.'one" read line; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office. I

Signed and sealed this 18th day of June, A. B 1935,

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

' further bakin for a period of atleast one hour. 4 I (e) To a processes described in claim 10 except processes in which the last of DISCLAIMER 1,999,134.-Vemon R. Pallas, Cortland, N. Y. 'lnm'mn OILEQ FILAHEN T. Patent dated April 23, 1935. Disclaimerv January 29, 1940, -.by the patentee.

Hereby enters this disclaimer'asfollows:

(a) To those arts of the specification in the following words also E (p. 1, col. 1, line 7); and fabricsf?p. 1,.

products (p. 1, co 1, lines 6-7); fpaper col. 1, line 12); textiles (p. 1, col. 1, line 37); fabrics, (p. 1, col. 1, lm or fabric-goods (p'. '2, col. 2, line 37); or 'fabric (p. 2, col. 2, line 61); =Sa1'd"'pro cesa is also admirably suited forthe treatment of cloth or other woven goods (if-suitable texture which may similarly be impregnated and baked to make up tablecovers,

. window shades, raincoats, umbrella covers and'the like'womoderately' waterproof'ed sheet materials. (p. 3, col. 1, lines 8-13.)

(b) -To that part of the specification in the following words; .one or" (p. 1, col.

2, line 54).

(c) To claims 1 and 8;

(d) To all processes described in claims '2, 3, 4, and '5 and each of theni'except processes in which the impregnated, baked. and coated line is subjected tothe said the said series of drying oilcoatings applied to the hne is subjectedto baking as described for a period of at' least one hour.

[Qflimbl Gazette February 27, 1940.}

DISCLAIMER 1,999,134.-Vcmon R. Pallas, Cortland, N. Y. Hm'r Tun-nu 01mm Fmuuzm. Patent dated April 23, 1935. Disclaimer filed October 6, 1942', by the pntentee. Hereby enters this disclaimer to claims 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10.

[Ofim'al Gazette November 10, 1942.] 

